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Later on people discovered burnt fragments of the original books and compiled the Old Script texts. The Song dynasty scholar Zhu Xi, who taught at the White Deer Grotto Academy, blended Confucian teachings with those of Daoism (Taoism) and Buddhism. With the assistance of other scholars, he codified the Analects of Confucius, the Mencius, the Great Learning, and the Doctrine of the Mean into the Four Books Confucian classics cannon; and, the Classic of Poetry, the Classic of History, the Book of Changes (I Ching), the Classic of Rites, and the Spring and Autumn Annals into the Five Classics. Zhu Xi also wrote comprehensive commentaries on all of the Confucian classics that explained the nature of humans and the world. He was a strong proponent of the belief of Kong Fuzi that humans were innately good.
Zhu Xi taught about the
universal element of Qi or vital physical force, and Li or rational law
principle based on the Great Ultimate of Tai Ji (Chi).
Tai Ji moved Qi to create change in the material world and generated the five elements of earth, fire, metal, water, and wood, as well as, the two energy modalities of Yin and Yang. Meditation focused on morality led to a feeling of harmoniousness with the universe. Chuang Tzu, which was named after its author, contains, parables and metaphorical tales with vivid imagery that contain the essence of early Taoist thought. The Way of Power, Dao De Jing (Tao Te Ching) written by Lao Tzu described the nature of life, the way to peace, and how a ruler should lead his life. Si Shu includes Lun Yu, the Analects of Confucius,; Chung Yung, the Doctrine of the Mean; Ta Hsueh or Great Learning and the Writings of Meng Tzu.
The Wu Jing Classics include
Shu Ching, to the writings of ancient Chinese rulers; and, Shih Ching, the classical ritual and mythic poems and song Li Ching, a group of three books on
the Li rites of propriety... Go back
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